<title>阅读遇到的生词 - 值得记录的生词</title>
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<p><a href="../reading.html">英语阅读</a>, 读的越多，效果越好。读1米厚的书，量变产生质变。<p>

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如何记录：
1. 手动添加标题和顶部目录
2. 接着在pre中记录单词和句子
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<h1>Words in reading</h1>
<b>目录</b>
<ul id="top_menu">
	<!--
    <li><a href="#first">00 记录的要点</a> </li>
    <li><a href="#01">01 跨国器官贩卖揭秘</a> </li>
    <li><a href="#other">other</a> </li>
	<li><a href="#flipped">flipped</a> </li>
    <li><a href="#ai">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A Guide for Thinking Humans</a> [Book]</li>
    <li><a href="#20221121">baby boom 的原因与影响</a> </li>
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</ul>

<i>注: 记录每次的日期和时间区间，进度百分比。</i>


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<div class=box>
<h2>-> 记录的要点</h2>
<pre>
1. 重要单词，英文解释
2. 好的例句，近义词替换


To improve language activation, focus on writing and monologuing. 
To improve accent, focus on shadowing and imitation.

</pre>
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	<h2>3 chapter 06 Talons and Tea Leaves</h2>
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<div class=box>
	<h2>[2025.9.4]93阅兵：抗战胜利80周年阅兵</h2>
	<pre>
1. CNN
- https://edition.cnn.com/2025/09/03/china/china-military-parade-authoritarian-leaders-intl-hnk
- https://edition.cnn.com/2025/09/03/china/china-military-parade-analysis-intl-hnk-ml-dst

Directed energy weapons are more economical than kinetic weapons, with a shot from a laser costing just a fraction of a bullet or missile.
# 定向能武器比动能武器更经济，激光射击的成本只是子弹或导弹的一小部分。


An edge in industrial capacity
# 工业能力上的优势
edge [edʒ] n. 边，边缘；锋，刃；优势


But while US industry spelled the end of the Axis powers 80 years ago, America now doesn’t have the capacity to turn out weaponry in the numbers that China can.
# 但是，尽管美国工业在80年前终结了轴心国，但美国现在没有能力像中国那样生产大量武器。
spell [spel] n. 一段时间；（疾病突然的）一次发作 v. 拼写，拼缀出（单词）；拼作，拼成；招致，意味着（通常指坏事）；具有……的显著特征；替换，顶替；<澳>稍事休息


While Beijing still spends only about a third of what the US does on defense, it’s been closing the gap rapidly, cutting it in half in the past 12 years, according to the report.
# 报告称，虽然北京的国防开支仍然只有美国的三分之一左右，但它正在迅速缩小与美国的差距，在过去的12年里，中国的国防开支减少了一半。


# The starkest difference with the US comes at sea.
# China is expected to have 48% more battle force ships than the US by 2030, the report says.


# Some have said the US can maintain an edge through technology like AI-powered drones. But Wednesday’s military parade showed that might be a false hope.

# The PLA’s formations were packed with drones – for combat on the ground, in the air and at sea.

# “The unmanned systems that the Chinese are displaying today are quite significantly advanced. They seem to be more advanced in some respects than what we’re seeing in the West, and they’re in operational service,” said the ASPI’s Davis.

# And those are just for offensive combat roles.
# 这些都是进攻性的战斗角色。
offensive [əˈfensɪv] adj. 无礼的，冒犯的；令人不快（讨厌）的；攻击的，进攻性的
combat [ˈkɒmbæt] n. 战斗，搏斗；争论，反对

# Retired Australian Army Maj. Gen. Mick Ryan said he believed the US remained the strongest military in the world, “but probably by a lesser margin than it has been for many decades” with China closing the gap.
# 澳大利亚退役陆军少将米克·瑞安说，他相信美国仍然是世界上最强大的军队，“但可能比几十年来的差距要小”，中国正在缩小差距。




2.BBC
- https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn0rllxld8go

# Trump's 50% levy on Indian imports has prompted a thaw between the long-time rivals.
# 特朗普对印度进口商品征收50%的关税，促使这两个长期竞争对手(中印)之间的关系解冻。

# Wednesday's spectacle was supposed to be about commemorating an 80-year-old victory over Japan. But it was actually about where China is headed - right to the top, with Xi playing the role of a global leader.
# 周三的场面本应是为了纪念抗日战争胜利80周年。
spectacle [ˈspektək(ə)l] n. 精彩的表演，壮观的场面；壮观的景象；不寻常的事，出人意料的情况；[正式]眼镜（spectacles）


# And at his feet was a military that is being built to rival the West.
# 在他的脚下，是一支正在建设的与西方抗衡的军队。

# China is a "great nation that is never intimidated by any bullies", he declared.
# 他宣称，中国是一个“不会被任何恶霸吓倒的伟大民族”。

# The US may still have an edge, honed over years and through its involvement in conflicts across the world, but there is no doubt that China is building a military to rival that.

# This parade has been fuelling a wave of nationalism at a time when China is battling serious domestic challenges: a sluggish economy, a real estate crisis, an ageing population, high youth unemployment and local governments deep in debt.

# After a long display of cutting-edge weaponry, including nuclear missiles, the parade concluded with thousands of doves and balloons released into the skies over Beijing.


- https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c98d5gplj52o
# The military might of the People's Republic of China was on full display in a parade marking the 80th anniversary of the end of World War Two on Wednesday.
# 周三，在纪念二战结束80周年的阅兵式上，中华人民共和国的军事实力得到了充分展示。

# On Monday, Xi and Putin huddled with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at an economic summit in Tianjin – an indication that frosty relations between China and India may be thawing in large part because of the heat generated by Trump's tariff policies, which have hit the two nations particularly hard.

# It's an ambitious strategy that Trump has promised will lead to a second American golden age. But the dangers, whether on the parade grounds of Tiananmen square or in US courtrooms, are very real.
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<div class=box>
	<h2>顺序名词</h2>
	<pre>
Primary → Secondary 之后，‌Tertiary

tertiary [ˈtɜːʃəri] adj. 第三的，第三位的，第三级的；高等（教育）；第三产业的；次要的；第三期治疗的 n. （地质）第三纪，第三系，第三纪岩（the Tertiary）；第三修道会会员（某些基督教组织做杂务的会支）

#



#
	</pre>
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<div class=box>
<h2>Google AI: Ming dynasty</h2>
<pre>
The Ming dynasty was a Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. It was the last Han Chinese dynasty to rule China. <b class=red>The Ming period is known for its cultural and economic achievements, including the construction of the Forbidden City, significant trade expansion, and advancements in art, literature, and porcelain production.</b>


<b>Here's a more detailed look:</b>

<b>Founding and Early Rule:</b>
The Ming dynasty was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang, who became known as the Hongwu Emperor. He led a rebellion against the Yuan dynasty and established his capital in Nanjing. The early Ming period focused on consolidating power, building an imperial capital, and establishing a strong governmental structure. 

<b>Key Achievements:</b>

Forbidden City: The Ming dynasty is famous for constructing the Forbidden City in Beijing, which became the imperial palace and remains a significant architectural landmark. 

Trade and Exploration: The Ming Dynasty saw a flourishing of maritime trade and undertook large naval expeditions, including those led by Admiral Zheng He. 

Economic Prosperity: The dynasty experienced significant economic growth, with a rise in a monetized economy and vibrant trade. 

Cultural Flourishing: The Ming era was a period of great cultural achievements, with advancements in literature, drama, and especially porcelain production, with iconic blue and white Ming porcelain. 


<b>End of the Dynasty:</b>

The Ming dynasty eventually fell in 1644, replaced by the Qing dynasty. The dynasty faced internal strife, corruption, and external pressures that contributed to its decline.
</pre>
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<div class=box>
<h2>Quora 阅读</h2>
<pre>
A.抽象
	思考/思维
	编程: 递归
	方便/便捷
B.具体
	1.钱/工作/公司/市值/市场
	2.工人/工作/工资
	3.电脑/硬件/软件



A1.抽象：提供另一个思考方式
* As a Chinese person, it feels somewhat inappropriate to answer this question, but I would like to offer another perspective. 

* High-IQ individuals tend to study with remarkable speed and efficiency, but their most defining trait is their ability to learn independently.


A2: 编程/递归(不推荐)
* Given that in the 10 rules for coding at Nasa actually has coding rules about safety critical software, this is the rule about recursion.

* <i>Rule</i>: Restrict all code to very simple control flow constructs – do not use goto statements, setjmp or longjmp constructs, and direct or indirect recursion.

* NASA is not the only company to negate the use of recursion. In the coding standards for C++ software development in aerospace there is a rule that states <i>“Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly (i.e. recursion shall not be allowed)”.</i>

* 消失: iOS is Unix-based, Android is Linux-based. Almost all other smartphone platforms have faded away.


A3. 方便/便捷
* 就像，类比：If you stay in tier 1 or 2 cities, you’ll find just about every bit of convenience that you’d normally find in other developed nations.



B1.工人/工作/工资
* People are paid well for the jobs they do.

* According to the World Economic Forum, AI and automation are predicted to contribute 69 million new jobs worldwide by 2028.

* It's cheaper to buy more hardware running resources than buy more software developer resources.



B2.公司/市值/市场
# the humanoid robots would lift the company’s market cap to $25 trillion.
# 人形机器人将把该公司的市值提升至25万亿美元。


B3.电脑/硬件/软件
* Is it possible to use Ubuntu as a primary operating system (OS) instead of Windows?
Not only is it possible, it's something I'd recommend. Here are my reasons for making the switch.


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<div class=box>
<h2>01 跨国器官贩卖揭秘</h2>
<pre>
# Trapped in a spiral of debt, he traded the only thing of value that he had: one of his kidneys.
# 陷入债务漩涡的他交易了他唯一有价值的东西:他的一个肾脏。
spiral [ˈspaɪrəl] n. 螺旋形，螺旋形之物；持续加剧的上升（或下降、恶化）；旋球
trade [treɪd] n. 贸易，买卖 v. 做买卖，做生意；营运，营业；（在证券交易所）交易，买卖；用……进行交换，互相交换
kidney [ˈkɪdni]  n. 肾，肾脏


# It is illegal to buy or sell an organ anywhere in the world, with the exception of Iran.
# 除了伊朗，买卖器官在世界上任何地方都是非法的。

# Nevertheless, estimates suggest that around 10% of organs for transplantation come from illegal sources.
# 然而，据估计，大约10%的移植器官来自非法来源。


# Most cases, however, go unreported, so the true number is likely to be much higher.


# Several countries, including Pakistan, Egypt, Bangladesh, India, Turkey, the Philippines and China, have been identified as centres of organ trafficking, but the trade in organs is a transnational operation.
# 包括巴基斯坦、埃及、孟加拉国、印度、土耳其、菲律宾和中国在内的几个国家已被确定为器官贩运中心，但器官交易是一项跨国业务。


# A 2021 Interpol report claimed that organ trafficking was of particular concern in north and west Africa, where impoverished communities and displaced populations are at greater risk of exploitation .
# 国际刑警组织2021年的一份报告称，器官贩运在北非和西非尤其令人担忧，那里的贫困社区和流离失所者面临更大的剥削风险。


# Rising demand for kidneys is partly a result of the spread of so-called diseases of affluence  -- diabetes, hypertension, obesity -- and the subsequent rise in kidney failure.
# 对肾脏的需求不断上升，部分原因是所谓的富贵病(糖尿病、高血压、肥胖症)的蔓延以及随后肾衰竭的增加。


# Over the past 10 years, I have spoken to 43 people from Sudan, South Sudan and Eritrea who sold a kidney out of economic necessity.


# In most cases, people were targeted by criminal groups because of their precarious status as asylum seekers, refugees or undocumented migrants.
# 在大多数情况下，人们成为犯罪集团的目标是因为他们作为寻求庇护者、难民或无证件移民的身份不稳定。


# Most were not paid what they were promised. Some were paid nothing.


# Doubly criminalised, as illegal migrants and organ sellers, they were in no position to negotiate a price, or to ensure they got paid the agreed amount.
# 由于被双重定罪，既是非法移民，又是器官贩卖者，他们没有资格谈判价格，也无法确保得到约定的金额。


# Unfortunately, as war and climate crisis displaces more people, there is no shortage of desperate people to prey on.
# 不幸的是，随着战争和气候危机使更多的人流离失所，不缺绝望的人作为猎物。


# They tried to brainwash us.
# 他们试图给我们洗脑。


# there was a truck waiting for him on the far side of the compound. To reach it, Yonas had to crawl on his hands and knees, under wire fencing and across jagged rocks, avoiding the searchlights sweeping from above.
# 院子的另一边有一辆卡车在等着他。为了到达那里，约纳斯必须用手和膝盖爬过铁丝网，穿过参差不齐的岩石，避开从上面扫来的探照灯。
compound [ˈkɒmpaʊnd] n. 混合物，化合物；复合词；大院，有围墙的场地
jag [dʒæɡ] n. 缺口；狂欢 vt. 使成锯齿状；使成缺口
searchlight [ˈsɜːtʃlaɪt] n. 探照灯；探照灯光

garrison [ˈɡærɪsn] n. 要塞；卫戍部队 vt. 驻防；守卫

# One of the passengers, with no experience of sailing, was handed the responsibility of manning the boat.
# 其中一个没有航海经验的乘客被派来负责这艘船的操作。
manning [ˈmænɪŋ] v. 在……岗位上工作；操纵（机器等）

# In the absence of legal process, the only way to escape the punishing conditions of detention centres is to pay the officers a bribe. 
# 在缺乏法律程序的情况下，逃离拘留中心的惩罚条件的唯一方法是向官员行贿。

# He was closely monitored, in case he should decide to leave the apartment.
# 他受到严密监视，以防万一他决定离开公寓。


# The second officer reminded Yonas he could be arrested or deported for failing to produce his identification papers.
# 第二名警官提醒约纳斯，他可能会因为没有出示身份证件而被逮捕或驱逐出境。
produce [prəˈdjuːs] v. 引起，造成；（自然地）生产，产生；（尤指用机器）生产，制造；（运用技巧）制作，造出；（某地、某过程或制度）出产，产出；出示，拿出；

# The amount that they receive varies from country to country.
# 他们收到的金额因国家而异。


# In the Philippines and Colombia impoverished farmhands and bonded labourers have been documented as receiving less than $2,000 for a kidney. 
# 在菲律宾和哥伦比亚，有记录显示贫困的农场工人和保税劳工一个肾脏的收入不到2000美元。
impoverished [ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt] adj. 贫困的，赤贫的；（品质）恶化的 v. 使贫穷，使枯竭（impoverish 的过去式和过去分词）

# In contrast, kidneys have been sold for between $10,000 and $20,000 in Israel and Turkey.
# 相比之下，在以色列和土耳其，肾脏的售价在1万到2万美元之间。


# Part of the broker's job is to find out just how wealthy the buyer is, and to establish the absolute minimum the seller is prepared to accept.
# 经纪人的部分工作是了解买方有多富有，并确定卖方准备接受的绝对最低价格。

# An impoverished, unemployed seller with no legal status is in no position to negotiate. For this reason, illegal migrants make valuable targets.
# 一个贫穷的、失业的、没有合法身份的卖家是没有资格谈判的。因此，非法移民成为了重要的目标。
impoverished [ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt] adj. 贫困的，赤贫的；（品质）恶化的


# But prior to the surgery, she had signed documents that stated she was donating her kidney for free.
# 但在手术之前，她签署了一份文件，声明她将免费捐献肾脏。

# I don’t know if it was for dramatic effect, but he arranged to meet me at a graveyard close to Tuti Island, where the Nile divides.
# 我不知道这是不是为了戏剧效果，但他安排在靠近图提岛(Tuti Island)的一个墓地与我见面。图提岛是尼罗河的分水岭。
graveyard [ˈɡreɪvjɑːd] n. 墓地


# The following month, violent street battles would break out between these two factions, a conflict that quickly exploded into a devastating civil war, which continues to this day.
# 接下来的一个月，这两个派系之间爆发了激烈的街头战斗，这场冲突迅速爆发为一场毁灭性的内战，一直持续到今天。
faction [ˈfækʃ(ə)n] n. 派系，宗派；派系之争，内讧；纪实与虚构相结合的电影（或书等）
explode [ɪkˈspləʊd] v. （使）爆炸，（使）爆破；急剧扩大，激增；（情感）迸发，爆发；推翻，破除；爆响，发出巨响；迅速移动

# “The price would go up every day. They said if we didn’t have any money we could have sex with them.”
# “价格每天都在上涨。他们说如果我们没有钱，我们就可以和他们发生性关系。”


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<div class=box>
<h2>Other Words</h2>
<pre>
knucklehead [ˈnʌklhed] n. 蠢人；傻瓜
sucker [ˈsʌkə(r)] n. <非正式>易受骗的人





<hr> Quora 句子:
# Existential crisis is my middle name! 生存危机是我的中间名！
# 'Patience' is my middle name! 我的最大特点就是有耐心！


# The bad news, the barrier to entry for machine learning engineers is brutal.
# 坏消息是，机器学习工程师的进入门槛是残酷的。
entry [ˈentri] n. 进入，加入；出场，莅临；门，入口；进入权，进入许可；参赛；参赛作品，竞赛答题；参赛人数，报名人数；登记，录入；条目，账目，记录
brutal [ˈbruːt(ə)l] adj. 野蛮的，凶残的；毫不掩饰的，直截了当的；令人不快的，糟糕的


# Let me say this as lucidly as I can.
# 我来尽我可能清晰的说一下。
lucidly [ˈluːsɪdli] adv. 透明地；清透地；清晰地

# We do not author the models.
# 我们不编写模型。
author [ˈɔːθə(r)] n. 作者，著者；作家；发起者，创始人；作品 v. 撰写，写作；发起，创造


# You take the companies data paying your exorbitant salary and you build models using that data that help them gain a competitive advantage over others.
# 你获取支付你高薪的公司数据，用这些数据建立模型，帮助他们获得竞争优势。
exorbitant [ɪɡˈzɔːbɪtənt] adj. （价格、要求等）过分的，离谱的
competitive [kəmˈpetətɪv] adj. 竞争的；好竞争的，好胜的；有竞争力的
advantage [ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] n. 有利条件，优势；优点；利益；（局末平分后）占先，优势分 v. 有利于，有助于
# gain a competitive advantage over others 获得对他人的竞争优势

# Do you think they are paying you to sit around and re-invent the wheel?
# 你认为他们付钱给你是让你坐在那里重新发明轮子吗？


# The top models already exist, all you need to do is call them, not author them.
# 顶级模型已经存在了，你所需要做的就是调用它们，而不是编写它们。


# In conclusion, you aren't authoring the model, very few in the world have that skill, you are passing well cleansed data to a model that already exits.
# 总之，您不是在创建模型，世界上很少有人拥有这种技能，您是在向已经存在的模型传递经过良好清理的数据。
cleansed [klenzd] adj. 清洗过的 v. 清洗；使纯净（cleanse 的过去式）



# Facebook was initially coded in pure, vanilla PHP, but over the years, the social media giant needed more capabilities to support their burgeoning user base, which has since passed the 2 billion mark.
# Facebook最初是用纯PHP编写的，但随着时间的推移，这家社交媒体巨头需要更多的功能来支持其迅速增长的用户群，目前用户数量已超过20亿大关。
vanilla [vəˈnɪlə] n. 香草精，香子兰精；香草冰淇淋；香草冰淇淋色，浅奶黄色；香子兰，香果兰，香夹兰 adj. 香草味的；无特色的，普通的
burgeoning [ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ] adj. 迅速发展的，快速生长的，繁荣的 v. 急速增长，迅速发展，繁荣兴盛（burgeon 的现在分词）
mark [mɑːk] n. （品质或情感的）标志，迹象；符号，记号；痕迹，污点；分数；【重要关口】



# Is a 10x programmer a myth?
# 10倍程序员是个神话吗?
myth [mɪθ] n. 错误的观点，荒诞的说法；神话，神话故事；虚构的人（或事），想象中的人（或事）


# His English was spotty and he didn’t like to speak up in meetings.
# 他的英语参差不齐，他不喜欢在会议上发言。
spotty [ˈspɒti] adj. 多丘疹的，多粉刺的；多斑点的；质量不一的，有好有坏的

# But he consumed the business problem we were working on.
# 但他着迷于我们正在处理的业务问题。
consumed [kənˈsjuːmd] adj. 充满的；对…着迷的 vt. 消耗（consume的过去式和过去分词）





<hr>
# It's compelling, extremely interesting
compelling [kəmˈpelɪŋ] adj. 令人信服的，有说服力的；引人入胜的，扣人心弦的；非常强烈的，不可抗拒的 v. 强迫，迫使；使发生，促使（compel 的现在分词形式）

axion [ˈæksiən] n. 轴；脑脊髓

immersion [ɪˈmɜːʃn] n. （做某事的）专心，投入；浸没，浸泡；沉浸式语言教学法

exploratory [ɪkˈsplɒrət(ə)ri] adj. 勘探的；探究的；考察的

low-hanging fruit [ˌləʊ hæŋɪŋ ˈfruːt] 容易摘到的果子，指用最少的精力就能轻易实现的目标

in the wild 在野外，野生的；在自然环境下

# Computers account for 5% of the country’s commercial electricity consumption.

bark [bɑːk] n. 狗叫声，吠声；吼叫声；树皮

latch [lætʃ] n. 门闩，窗闩 v. 闩上（门），用弹簧锁锁住（门等）；（电子）（装置）状态恒定；占有，抓住

crisp [krɪsp] adj. 爽口的，脆生的；脆的，易碎的；洁净的，挺括的；（图片或声音）清晰的，清脆悦耳的；清新的，凉爽的；（言行）干脆利落的；轻快的，利索的

fiddling [ˈfɪdlɪŋ] adj. 无用的；无足轻重的；微不足道的（等于 fiddly）

synchronous [ˈsɪŋkrənəs] adj. 同步的；同时的
asynchronous [eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs] adj. [电] 异步的；不同时的；不同期的

extrovert [ˈekstrəvɜːt] n. 性格外向者，善于社交的人 adj. 外向的，活泼友好的
introvert [ˈɪntrəvɜːt] n. 内向的人 adj. 内向的 v. 使内弯，使内倾

nebulous [ˈnebjələs] adj. 朦胧的；星云的，星云状的
monologue [ˈmɒnəlɒɡ] n. 长篇独白，独角戏；长篇大论，滔滔不绝的讲话

intonation [ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn] n. 声调，语调；吟咏，吟诵；（素歌的）起始短句；（演奏或唱歌中的）音准

mannerism [ˈmænərɪzəm] n. 特殊习惯；矫揉造作；怪癖
meticulously [məˈtɪkjələsli] adv. 细致地；一丝不苟地；拘泥地

mindset [ˈmaɪndset] n. 观念模式，思维倾向
fanatic [fəˈnætɪk] n. 狂热入迷者；狂热分子，盲信者 adj. 狂热的；盲信的

competence [ˈkɒmpɪtəns] n. 能力，胜任；权限，管辖权；技能；感受态，反应能力；<旧>足以谋生的收入（尤指非劳动所得）
fuzzy [ˈfʌzi] adj. （图片、声音等）不清楚的，模糊的；不明确的，含混的；（计算机，逻）模糊的，模糊逻辑的；有绒毛的，毛茸茸的；（人，头脑）迷糊的，稀里糊涂的

crutch [krʌtʃ] n. 拐杖；支柱；依靠；胯部 vt. 用拐杖支撑；支持
monolingual [ˌmɒnəˈlɪŋɡwəl] adj. 单语的；仅用一种语言的；仅懂一种语言的 n. 只用一种语言的人
bilingual [ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl] adj. （人）熟悉两种语言的，能说两种语言的；涉及两种语言的，使用两种语言的 n. 熟谙两种语言的人

# Every language has unique nuances that simply can't be translated. 
nuance [ˈnjuːɑːns] n. 细微差别 v. 使产生细微差别


# https://refold.la/simplified/stage-3/a/start-writing
instinct [ˈɪnstɪŋkt] n. 本能，天性；直觉；天分，天赋 adj. 充满（某种品质，尤指好品质）的
hone [həʊn] v. 磨练，训练（尤指技艺）；磨（刀、剑等）；导向，朝向（hone in on）；渴望；发牢骚

cadence [ˈkeɪd(ə)ns] n. （说话时语调的）抑扬顿挫，起落；（乐曲的）收束，终止；节律，节拍
shadow [ˈʃædəʊ] n. 阴影，影子；暗地跟踪者，尾随者 v. 被……阴影笼罩，投阴影于；暗地跟踪；跟随……实地学习（或参观）

# This ability to navigate language intuitively is called competence .
# 这种凭直觉驾驭语言的能力叫做能力。
navigate [ˈnævɪɡeɪt] v. 导航，引路；航行于，横渡；穿过，穿越；驾驶，操纵；浏览

# Performance, on the other hand, is your ability to use your competence in a conversation. It’s the ability to convert your thoughts into your target language (TL), pronounce the words correctly, and maintain a natural rhythm and cadence of speech.
# 另一方面，表现是你在对话中运用能力的能力。它是一种将你的思想转化为目标语言(TL)，正确发音，并保持自然节奏和语调的能力。
rhythm [ˈrɪðəm] n. （声音或运动的）节奏，韵律，节拍；节奏感；规则变化，节律；（艺术作品的）匀称，和谐；（韵文或散文）抑扬节奏


# "PER-fect" is an adjective, while "per-FECT" is a verb.
# 形容词读作ˈpɜːfɪkt。动词读作pəˈfɛkt。

intonation [ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn] n. 声调，语调；吟咏，吟诵；（素歌的）起始短句；（演奏或唱歌中的）音准
sarcasm [ˈsɑːkæzəm] n. 讽刺，挖苦
craft [krɑːft] n. 工艺，手艺；船，艇，飞行器；诡计，骗术；行业，职业；手工艺品 v. 精心制作


</pre>
</div>









<div class=box>
<h2>FLIPPED</h2>
<pre>
1. ”Little things can make big ripples.”
“小小的事情也能掀起大大的波澜。”
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/87499358


2.在心中种下一颗梧桐——《FLIPPED》
还有很多经典影片，也是被再次翻出来重温。从之前的《返老还童》，到《楚门的世界》和《汉尼拔》系列，都是百看经典。

而这部影片跟它的名字一样，每次都会怦然心动。尤其是在刚刚看完《500days of summer》这样让人理性思考爱情的影片后，这样一部《FLIPPED》真的是拯救心灵！

从惨淡的现实中走出来，接受这样甜蜜的洗礼。在整部影片中，不止一次的怦然心动，也不止一次的会心一笑。在虐文化已经成为了我们生活中不可或缺么一部分后，不知道有多久没有这样充满甜蜜的看完一部影片了！

整部影片中有两个神助攻，一个是布莱斯的爷爷。而另一个就是朱莉的爸爸。
两个成年人，用自己的生活智慧，教会了孩子们人生之路的正确打开方式。可学生却并不是每个都尽如人意，但好在最终都走入了正途！
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/130398985


3. 句子
*The higher I got, the more amazed I was by the view.
*我爬得越高，眼前的风景便愈发迷人。


*Some days the sunsets would be purple and pink. And some days they were a blazing orange setting fire to the clouds on the horizon. It was during one of those sunsets that my father's idea of the whole being greater than the sum of its parts moved from my head to my heart.
*有时落日泛起紫红的余晖，有时散发出橘红色的火光燃起天边的晚霞。在这绚烂的日落景象中，我慢慢领悟了父亲所说的整体胜于局部总和的道理。


*The way she talked about what it felt like to be up in that tree to be held above the earth, brushed by the wind.
*她说起那种置身树梢的感觉时说就像被高高举起，微风拂面。


*Some of us get dipped in flat, some in satin, some in gloss. But every once in a while you find someone who's iridescent, and when you do, nothing will ever compare.
*有些人沦为平庸浅薄，金玉其外，而败絮其中。可不经意间，有一天你会遇到一个彩虹般绚丽的人，从此以后，其他人就不过是匆匆浮云。

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/24873053






#4.7%,  5.234 (2022.4.21 18:35-->19:09)
sly [slaɪ] adj. 狡猾的，狡诈的；诡秘的，心知肚明的；（动作）躲躲闪闪的，偷偷摸摸的；淘气的

# But after a while, taking all those answers made me feel sort of indebted to her.
# 但过了一段时间，接受所有这些答案让我觉得亏欠了她。
indebt [ɪnˈdet] v. 使负债；使受恩惠

# bug off 停止打扰，走开；错误关闭
lunatic [ˈluːnətɪk] adj. 疯狂的，极其愚蠢的；混乱的，失控的；为精神错乱者而设的
lash [læʃ] v. 猛击，狠打 n. 睫毛；鞭打

long ago 很久以前
chomp [tʃɒmp] vi. 格格地咬牙，咬响牙齿；切齿
retrieve [rɪˈtriːv] v. 找回，收回；检索（储存于计算机的信息）
turquoise [ˈtɜːkwɔɪz] n. 绿松石；蓝绿色 adj. 蓝绿色的


#6.12%, 




</pre>
</div>











<div class=box>
	<h2>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A Guide for Thinking Humans</h2>
	<pre>阅读资料: 严肃读物
1.ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A Guide for Thinking Humans
节选
https://us.macmillan.com/excerpt?isbn=9781250243263

豆瓣读书 https://book.douban.com/subject/35027264/
B站视频 https://www.bilibili.com/video/av82489962/
jd 书: https://item.jd.com/10024614761878.html

本书大概 336页，除掉前后目录、索引，正文约 300页，全英文。大概 2021 年5月看完的。

我的书评在豆瓣读书上:

本书写的很深刻，且几乎没有公式。是面向科研人员，但是不了解深度学习和人工智能的群体的入门书。本书冷静客观的给AI泼了盆冷水。每个章节，从深度神经网络的产生，及在图像识别，象棋围棋，语言识别，词向量等领域的取得的成果及局限性入手，然后解析深度神经网络到底学到了什么，有什么局限性，最后得出结论，学的是似是而非的特征，距离真正的理解，甚至 弱 通用人工智能还很遥远。





# 157
prodigy n. 奇迹，奇事；奇才；神童；奇观；预兆
pawn n. 典当；抵押物；兵，卒；人质
bishop n. （基督教的）主教；（国际象棋的）象
ineffable adj. 不可言喻的；不应说出的；难以形容的
commemorate
minuscule adj.极小的；微小的


# P165
obscure [əbˈskjʊə(r)] adj. 昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；【不著名的】，无名的
resurgence [rɪˈsɜːdʒəns] n. 复活；再现；再起
accolade [ˈækəleɪd; ˌækəˈleɪd] n. 荣誉；荣誉称号授予仪式；连谱号；称赞

scratch n. 擦伤；抓痕；刮擦声；乱写
PHRASE If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. 从零开始
	Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.
	白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。

toddle [ˈtɒdl] n. （学步幼儿的）蹒跚，走路不稳
doorknob n. 门把手
stark [stɑːk] adj. 完全的；荒凉的；刻板的；光秃秃的；【朴实的】
nascent [ˈneɪsnt; ˈnæsnt] adj. 新兴的，【初期的】，开始存在的，发生中的
deliver vi. 【实现】；传送；履行；投递


beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/
PREP You use beyond to introduce an exception to what you are saying. 除了
	He appears to have almost no personal staff, beyond a secretary who can't make coffee.
	他看来似乎没有任何雇员，除了一个连咖啡都不会煮的秘书。
#

caveat  [ˈkæviæt] n. 警告；中止诉讼手续的申请；货物出门概不退换；停止支付的广告
caveats n. 警告；说明（caveat的复数）
entail vt. 使需要，必需；承担；遗传给；蕴含
innately [ɪˈneɪtli]  adv. 天赋地；与生俱来的

abominably adv. 可恶地；极端地；可恨地；劣等地

# P168
charade n. 装模作样，做戏；打哑谜猜字游戏
marcus n. [机] 大铁锤
plummet v. 陡直落下，快速落下；（价值、数量等）骤然下跌
paddle n. 划桨；明轮翼
imbue [ɪmˈbjuː] vt. 灌输；使感染；使渗透
minuscule [ˈmɪnəskjuːl] adj. 极小的；（字母）小写；微不足道的（非正式）
imperceptible [ˌɪmpəˈseptəbl] adj. 感觉不到的；极细微的
abstractly adv. 抽象地；理论上地
endeavor n. 努力；尽力
savant n. 学者；专家
paragon n. 模范；完美之物；优秀之人
kindergartner n. 幼儿园教师；幼儿园里的小孩
delineate vt. 描绘；描写；画…的轮廓
albeit conj. 虽然，尽管
ignite [ɪɡˈnaɪt] vt. 点燃；使燃烧；使激动


# P178


#==
#-> It is no accident that Alan Turing framed his famous "imitation game" as contest involving the generation and understanding of language.
# 艾伦·图灵把他著名的“模仿游戏”框定为涉及语言生成和理解的竞赛，这并非偶然
frame [freɪm] vt. 给 (图画或照片) 配框；设计；建造；陷害；使…适合；制订；拟订
# frame verb [T] (EXPRESS): to carefully plan or organize ideas, suggestions, methods, etc., in a particular way:
#-> Their conclusions are framed in such a way that if one piece of evidence were shown to be false, the argument would be suspect.

# If someone frames something such as a set of rules, a plan, or a system, they create and develop it. [written]
After the war, a convention was set up to frame a constitution.
# Synonyms: devise, plan, form, shape 

# If someone frames something in a particular style or kind of language, they express it in that way.
#-> The story is framed in a format that is part thriller, part love story.
# Synonyms: express, word, phrase, couch


abbreviate [əˈbriːvieɪt] vt. 缩写，使省略；使简短
subtlety [ˈsʌtlti] n. 微妙；敏锐；精明
sarcastic [sɑːˈkæstɪk]  adj. 挖苦的；尖刻的，辛辣的
surmise [səˈmaɪz] vi. 猜测；认为
boggle [ˈbɒɡl] vi. 犹豫，退缩；惊恐
overshadow [ˌəʊvəˈʃædəʊ] v. 使失色；使蒙上阴影；遮阴；比……更显眼 
phoneme [ˈfəʊniːm]n. 音素，音位
# drop a decimal place 少一个小数点


# P181
transcribe vt. 转录；抄写

#But we have been proven wrong. 但事实证明我们错了。

mousse n. 摩丝；奶油冻
moose n. 驼鹿；麋
complication n. 并发症；复杂；复杂化；混乱

# rule of thumb 经验法则，拇指规则
# I am leaning toward this last one 我倾向于最后一个

sentiment [ˈsentɪmənt] n. 感情，情绪；情操；观点；多愁善感
subpar [ˌsʌbˈpɑː(r)] adj. 低于标准的；在平均水平以下的；次佳的
horrific [həˈrɪfɪk] adj. 可怕的；令人毛骨悚然的
glean [ɡliːn] vt. 收集（资料）；拾（落穗）
semantic [sɪˈmæntɪk] adj. 语义的；语义学的（等于semantical）

recurrent [rɪˈkʌrənt] adj. 复发的；周期性的，经常发生的
variable adj. 变量的；可变的；易变的，多变的；变异的，[生物] 畸变的
dashed n. 虚线


# 187
abhor [əbˈhɔː(r)]vt. 痛恨，憎恶
flick [flɪk] n. 弹开；快速的轻打；轻打声；飞快翻阅；电影（非正式）
semantic adj. 语义的；语义学的（等于semantical）


# An influential position in lexical semantics holds that semantic representations for words can be derived through analysis of patterns of lexical co-occurrence in large language corpora.
# Firth (1957) famously summarised this principle as “you shall know a word by the company it keeps”. 
# semantic space of words 可以做近义词替换练习
# word vector: word2vec

emerge vi. 浮现；摆脱；暴露
analogy [əˈnælədʒi] n. 类比；类推；类似

cryptic [ˈkrɪptɪk] adj. 神秘的，含义模糊的；[动] 隐藏的
hydrant [ˈhaɪdrənt] n. 消防栓；水龙头；给水栓
resounding adj. 响亮的；轰动的；彻底的
flavor n. 情味，风味；香料；滋味
dub [dʌb] v. 译制；配音；复制；【合成；】
allure [əˈlʊə(r)] n. 诱惑力；引诱力；吸引力
concur [kənˈkɜː(r)] vi. 同意；一致；互助
feminism [ˈfemənɪzəm]  n. 女权主义；女权运动；男女平等主义
seep [siːp] v. （液体）渗漏，渗透；逐渐移动，渐渐散开



# 189
sabbatical [səˈbætɪkl] adj. 安息日的
mildew [ˈmɪldjuː] n. 霉；霉病 vt. 使发霉
cringe [krɪndʒ] vi. 畏缩；奉承；阿谀
caliber ['kælibə] n. [军] 口径；才干；水准（等于calibre）；器量

cryptography [krɪpˈtɒɡrəfi] n. 密码学；密码使用法
syntactical [sin'tæktikəl] adj. 句法的；依照句法的（等于syntactic）
muddle [ˈmʌdl] v. 弄乱；（使）糊涂；
parity [ˈpærəti] n. 平价；同等；相等；胎次；分娩
semantic [sɪˈmæntɪk] adj. 语义的；语义学的（等于semantical）
specialty [ˈspeʃəlti] n. 专业，专长；特产；特性；招牌菜
bilingual [ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl] adj. 双语的

flaw [flɔː] n. 瑕疵，缺点；一阵狂风；短暂的风暴；裂缝，裂纹
idiomatic [ˌɪdiəˈmætɪk] adj. 惯用的；符合语言习惯的；通顺的

colloquial [kəˈləʊkwiəl] adj. 白话的；通俗的；口语体的
bilingual [ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl] adj. 双语的
glean [ɡliːn] vt. 收集（资料）；拾（落穗）
mangle [ˈmæŋɡl]  美 [ˈmæŋɡl] vt. 乱砍；轧布；损坏
skeletal [ˈskelətl] adj. 骨骼的，像骨骼的；骸骨的；骨瘦如柴的
conceptually [kənˈseptʃuəli] adv. 概念上

frisbee [ˈfrɪzbi] n. （投掷游戏用的）飞盘
refrigerator [rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə(r)] n. 冰箱，冷藏库
spectacularly [spekˈtækjələli] adv. 壮观地；引人注目地
gist [dʒɪst] n. 主旨，要点；依据
converse [kən'vɜːs；ˈkɒn-] v. 交谈，谈话；认识

# 215
recount [rɪˈkaʊnt; ˈriːkaʊnt; ˌriːˈkaʊnt] v. 讲述，叙述；重新计数或计算
godsend [ˈɡɒdsend] n. 天赐之物；意外获得的幸运
mesmerize [ˈmezməraɪz] vt. 施催眠术；迷住；以魅力迫使
quip [kwɪp] n. 妙语；嘲弄；讽刺语 vi. 嘲弄；讥讽

televise [ˈtelɪvaɪz] vt. 用电视播放
canny [ˈkæni] adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的
ecstatic [ɪkˈstætɪk] adj. 狂喜的；入迷的

# he was on a roll 他一帆风顺
swirl [swɜːl] v. 盘绕，打旋；使成漩涡；流传；眩晕


# P218
facade [fəˈsɑːd] n. 正面；表面；外观
# parallel bars 双杠
stunt [stʌnt] n. 噱头，手腕；绝技
# parlor trick 小把戏（非正式）
colloquial [kəˈləʊkwiəl] adj. 白话的；通俗的；口语体的

ream [riːm] n. 大量的文字（或写作）；令（纸张的计数单位）
arm [ɑːm] n. 手臂；武器；袖子；装备；部门
avid [ˈævɪd] adj. 渴望的，贪婪的；热心的
precocious [prɪˈkəʊʃəs] adj. 早熟的；过早发育的
catchy [ˈkætʃi] adj. 悦耳易记的；引人注意的；易使人上当的
dearth [dɜːθ] n. 缺乏；饥馑；粮食不足
glean [ɡliːn] vt. 收集（资料）；拾（落穗）

pitch [pɪtʃ] n. 运动场地；程度；音高；v. 投掷；投（球）；定音高；投标，【推销；】
bestow [bɪˈstəʊ] vt. 使用；授予；放置；留宿

contender [kənˈtendə(r)] n. 竞争者；争夺者
hype [haɪp] n. 大肆宣传；皮下注射
dubious [ˈdjuːbiəs] adj. 可疑的；暧昧的；无把握的；半信半疑的



# P222
quarterback [ˈkwɔːtəbæk] n. 橄榄球的四分卫
# ring a bell 使某人想起某事，使人回忆起
corpus [ˈkɔːpəs] n. [计] 语料库；文集；本金

grievance [ˈɡriːvəns] n. 不满，不平；委屈；冤情
instigate [ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt] vt. 唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿

forestall [fɔːˈstɔːl] vt. 先发制人，预先阻止；垄断，屯积；领先；占先一步
smokescreen [ˈsməʊkskriːn] n. （掩护阵地和活动的）烟幕；障眼法
schema [ˈskiːmə] n. [计][心理] 模式；计划；图解；概要
adversarial [ˌædvəˈseəriəl] adj. 对抗的；对手的，敌手的
ostrich [ˈɒstrɪtʃ] n. 鸵鸟；逃避现实的人
cheetah [ˈtʃiːtə] n. [脊椎] 猎豹
adversary [ˈædvəsəri] n. 敌手，对手

analogous [əˈnæləɡəs] adj. 类似的；[昆] 同功的；可比拟的
transcribe [trænˈskraɪb] vt. 转录；抄写
jersey [ˈdʒɜːzi] n. 运动衫，毛线衫
nefarious [nɪˈfeəriəs] adj. 邪恶的；穷凶极恶的；不法的
luminary [ˈluːmɪnəri] n. 发光体；杰出人物；知识渊博的人

exclusively [ɪkˈskluːsɪvli] adv. 唯一地，专有地，排外地；作为唯一的（消息）来源
instill [ɪnˈstɪl] vt. 徐徐滴入；逐渐灌输




# P235
adversarial [ˌædvəˈseəriəl] adj. 对抗的；对手的，敌手的

Artificial Intelligence Hits the Barrier of Meaning
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/opinion/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning.html

endow [ɪnˈdaʊ] v. 向（人，机构）捐赠，资助；赋予
stroller [ˈstrəʊlə(r)] n. 散步者；流浪者；（美）折叠式婴儿车；巡回演出的演员
indispensable [ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl] adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的 n. 不可缺少之物；必不可少的人
intuitive [ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv] adj. 直觉的；凭直觉获知的
constitute [ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt] v. 组成，构成；是，被视为；成立，设立；任命

intrinsic [ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk; ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk] adj. 内在的，固有的
leash [liːʃ] n. 皮带；束缚 vt. 束缚；用皮带绑住
aroma [əˈrəʊmə] n. 芳香
curb [kɜːb] v. 控制，抑制；勒住（马）n. 控制，抑制；【<美>路缘，马路牙子；】

honk [hɒŋk] n. 雁叫声；汽车喇叭声 v. 发雁鸣；按汽车喇叭；（非正式）呕吐
integral [ˈɪntɪɡrəl; ɪnˈteɡrəl] adj. 积分的；完整的，整体的；构成整体所必须的 n. 积分；部分；完整

proponent [prəˈpəʊnənt] n. 支持者；建议者；提出认证遗嘱者
perceptual [pəˈseptʃuəl] adj. 知觉的；感知的；有知觉的
infinity [ɪnˈfɪnəti] n. （时、空、距离）无限，无穷；大量，大宗
reenactment [,ri:i'næktmənt] n. 再制定；再扮演
sensory [ˈsensəri] adj. 感觉的；知觉的；传递感觉的

compelling [kəmˈpelɪŋ] adj. 引人注目的；令人信服的；非常强烈的；不可抗拒的
cognitive [ˈkɒɡnətɪv] adj. 认识的，认知的
metaphor [ˈmetəfə(r); ˈmetəfɔː(r)] n. 隐喻，暗喻；象征，标志




# P240
ingrain [ɪnˈɡreɪn] vt. 使……根深蒂固；就……原料染色；生染
sidestep [ˈsaɪdstep] vt. 回避；横跨一步躲避
fraught [frɔːt] adj. 充满……的；焦虑的，担心的；注定导致……的；造成紧张的；受忧虑影响的
indulge [ɪnˈdʌldʒ] v. 沉湎，沉溺；纵容，迁就；满足（情感、兴趣、欲望等）；参加，参与（尤指违法活动）
babysitter [ˈbeɪbisɪtə(r)] n. 临时照顾幼儿者
rebellious [rɪˈbeljəs] adj. 叛乱的，造反的；（对权威或常规）反抗的，反叛的；（东西）难处理的，难对付的
analogy [əˈnælədʒi] n. 类比；类推；类似
prestigious [preˈstɪdʒəs] adj. 有威望的，有声望的
libel [ˈlaɪbl] n. 诽谤罪；诋毁；毁坏名誉的东西；控诉书
defendant [dɪˈfendənt] n. 被告，被告人
plaintiff [ˈpleɪntɪf] n. <法律>原告，起诉人
defamatory [dɪˈfæmətri] adj. 诽谤的；中伤的；破坏名誉的
inscribe [ɪnˈskraɪb] vt. 题写；题献；铭记；雕
graffiti [ɡrəˈfiːti] n. 墙上乱写乱画的东西（graffito 的复数形式）
foray [ˈfɒreɪ] n. 涉足，初次尝试；突袭；侵略；攻击
journaling ['dʒə:nliŋ]  n. 日志；注册；登记
compelling [kəmˈpelɪŋ] adj. 引人注目的；令人信服的；非常强烈的；不可抗拒的

paramount [ˈpærəmaʊnt] adj. 最重要的，主要的；至高无上的 n. 最高统治者

feature [ˈfiːtʃə(r)] v. 以……为特色，以……为主要组成；起重要作用，占重要地位；放映，上演；担任主演 vt. 特写；以……为特色；由……主演
# V-T When something such as a film or exhibition features a particular person or thing, they are an important part of it. (电影等) 由…主演; (展览会等) 以…为重点



# As the cognitive scientist Robert French phrased it, abstraction and analogy are all about perceiving "the subtlety of sameness".
# 正如认知科学家罗伯特·弗兰奇(Robert French)所说，抽象和类比都是关于感知“相同的微妙之处”。

phrase [freɪz] n. 短语，习语，措辞，乐句 v. 措词，将（乐曲）分成乐句
# V-T If you phrase something in a particular way, you express it in words in that way. 用言语表达
# I would have phrased it quite differently. 我则会用完全不同的话来表达它。
# The speech was carefully phrased. 这篇讲话措辞谨慎。

abstraction [æbˈstrækʃn] n. 抽象；提取；抽象概念
analogy [əˈnælədʒi] n. 类比；类推；类似
subtlety [ˈsʌtlti] n. 细微差别，微妙之处；微妙，精细；机敏，敏锐；诡秘，狡猾
sameness [ˈseɪmnəs] n. 相同；千篇一律；单调

discern [dɪˈsɜːn] vt. 觉察出；识别；了解；隐约看见 vi. 辨别
camouflage [ˈkæməflɑːʒ] n. 伪装，掩饰 vt. 伪装，掩饰
verbalize [ˈvɜːbəlaɪz] vi. 累赘；唠叨；以言语表述 vt. 使……变成动词；用言语表达
perception [pəˈsepʃn] n. 看法，认识；感觉，感知；洞察力；<法律>（租金、农作物等的）收取，占有
adept [əˈdept] adj. 熟练的；擅长……的 n. 内行；能手

literal [ˈlɪtərəl] adj. 字面上的；逐字的；缺乏想象力的，刻板的；确切的，不夸张的；（图像）写实的；（用）字母（表示）的
incline [ɪnˈklaɪn] v. （使）倾向于；点头；（使）倾斜；赞同（某人，某事） n. 斜坡，倾斜
wedge [wedʒ] n. 楔子；楔形物；不和 v. 楔入；挤进；楔住
slippage [ˈslɪpɪdʒ] n. 滑移；滑动；下降


# As anyone who has made the journey will tell you, the route to a PhD consists mainly of intense labor punctured by frustrating setbacks and (at least for me) a constant undercurrent of self-doubt. But occasionally there are moments of exhilarating accomplishment, like when the program you have been plugging away for five years finally works.
# 任何经历过这段旅程的人都会告诉你，通往博士的道路主要是由令人沮丧的挫折和(至少对我来说)持续的自我怀疑暗流所刺穿的高强度劳动。但偶尔也会有令人振奋的成就，比如你坚持了五年的项目终于跑通了。
punctuate [ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt] vt. 不时打断；强调；加标点于 vi. 加标点
setback [ˈsetbæk] n. 挫折，阻碍；（建筑）壁阶；<美>（建筑物的）缩进距离
undercurrent [ˈʌndəkʌrənt] n. 暗流；潜流
exhilarate [ɪɡˈzɪləreɪt] vt. 使高兴，使振奋；使愉快
plug [plʌɡ] v. 堵，塞；补足；插入；用插头接通电源；推广，宣传

unorthodox [ʌnˈɔːθədɒks] adj. 非正统的；异端的；异教的
leash [liːʃ] n. 皮带；束缚
atypical [ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkl] adj. 非典型的；不合规则的
imbue [ɪmˈbjuː] vt. 灌输；使感染；使渗透

locker [ˈlɒkə(r)] n. （学校、更衣室等的）可锁存物柜；存放室；存放柜；锁具；冷藏室
oddity [ˈɒdəti] n. 古怪反常的人（或事物），怪现象；怪异，反常；怪癖

boggle [ˈbɒɡl] vi. 犹豫，退缩；惊恐 vt. 搞糟，弄坏；使……惊奇；使……困惑 n. 犹豫，退缩；惊奇
boggling ['bɒɡlɪŋ] v. 把工作搞糟；（非正式）感到吃惊；（使）吃惊；（使）困惑（boggle 的现在分词）
inescapable [ˌɪnɪˈskeɪpəbl] adj. 不可避免的；逃脱不了的
vat [væt] n. （尤指工业用的、装液体的）大桶，大缸，大罐；还原式染料 v. 放入大缸中（处理）

# But after grappling with AI for many years, I am finding the embodiment argument increasingly compelling.
# 但在与人工智能做了多年的斗争之后，我发现化身论越来越有说服力。
grapple [ˈɡræpl] vi. 抓住；格斗；抓斗机；设法解决；搏斗；用抓钩钩住 vt. 抓住；与…格斗； 抓牢；系紧 n. 抓住；格斗
compelling [kəmˈpelɪŋ] adj. 引人注目的；令人信服的；非常强烈的；不可抗拒的 v. 强迫；以强力获得（compel的ing形式）
embodiment [ɪmˈbɒdimənt] n. 体现，化身

imminence [ˈɪmɪnəns] n. 迫切；急迫，危急；迫近的危险或祸患
acutely [əˈkjuːtli] adv. 剧烈地，尖锐地
homage [ˈhɒmɪdʒ; ɒˈmɑːʒ] n. 敬意；尊敬；效忠
autonomy [ɔːˈtɒnəmi] n. 自治，自治权
paraphrase [ˈpærəfreɪz] n. 释义；解释；意译 vt. 释义
# pull over 把…开到路边；开到路边；靠边停车；靠岸

occupant [ˈɒkjəpənt] n. 居住者，住户；（某一时刻房间、交通工具、床等的）占用者；（职位或官职的）占有者；<法律>（尤指土地的）实际占有人
hedge [hedʒ] n. 树篱；防范措施，防备手段 v. 拐弯抹角，避免正面回答；用树篱围住；包围，限制；采取保值措施以规避风险
desperately [ˈdespərətli] adv. 绝望地，拼命地，不顾一切地；非常，极其
motivation [ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn] n. 动力，诱因；积极性，干劲；<南非>（支持请求或倡议的）事实与理由
pedestrian [pəˈdestriən] n. 步行者，行人 adj. 平淡无奇的，乏味的；行人的，行人使用的；徒步的

jaywalk [ˈdʒeɪwɔːk] v. 乱穿马路（不遵守交通规则）
looming ['luːmɪŋ] adj. （不希望或不愉快的事情）逼近的 v. （阴森森地）赫然出现，隐约显现；（不好的事）似将发生，逼近（loom 的现在分词）

malicious [məˈlɪʃəs] adj. 恶意的；恶意的，恶毒的
inconspicuous [ˌɪnkənˈspɪkjuəs] adj. 不显眼的；不引人注意的；（花）不显著的
prank [præŋk] n. 恶作剧，开玩笑；戏谑 vt. 装饰；打扮 vi. 炫耀自己；胡闹
curb [kɜːb] v. 控制，抑制；勒住（马）n. 控制，抑制；<美>【路缘，马路牙子】
thorny [ˈθɔːni] adj. 多刺的，带刺的；棘手的，麻烦的
maxim [ˈmæksɪm] n. 格言；准则；座右铭

# lamp post 灯柱，灯杆
crosswalk [ˈkrɒswɔːk] n. 人行横道
pesky [ˈpeski] adj. 讨厌的，麻烦的
considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的；<旧>小心的，谨慎的
ethics [ˈeθɪks] n. 行为准则，道德原则；伦理学，道德学

diminish [dɪˈmɪnɪʃ] v. 减弱，降低，减少；贬低，轻视 vi. 减少，缩小；变小
oxymoron [ˌɒksɪˈmɔːrɒn] n. （修词中的）矛盾修饰法
connote [kəˈnəʊt] vt. 意味着；含言外之意

entail [ɪnˈteɪl] v. 使必要，需要；<旧>遗赠（财产），限定继承；使人承担 n. 限定继承，限嗣继承的财产
V-T If one thing entails another, it involves it or causes it. 牵连; 导致 [正式]
# Such a decision would entail a huge political risk in the midst of the presidential campaign.
# 这样的决定会在总统大选之际导致一个巨大的政治风险。

prologue [ˈprəʊlɒɡ] n. 开场白；序言 vt. 加上……前言；为……作序
intrigue [ɪnˈtriːɡ] v. 激起……的兴趣，引发……的好奇心；密谋 n. 密谋策划，阴谋；秘密的恋情，秘密关系；神秘力量，神秘气氛 vi. 私通；密谋

dice [daɪs] n. 骰子；掷骰游戏；小块食物
mediocre [ˌmiːdiˈəʊkə(r)] adj. 普通的；平凡的；中等的
thread [θred] n. 线；螺纹；【思路；】衣服；线状物；玻璃纤维；路线
reliant [rɪˈlaɪənt] adj. 依赖的；可靠的；信赖的

curate [ˈkjʊərət; ˌkjʊˈreɪt] n. （某教区的）助理牧师；堂区牧师 v. 操持（收藏品或展品的）展出；组织（音乐节的）演出

contend [kənˈtend] v. 声称，主张；竞争，争夺；处理，对付 vt. 主张；为……斗争
bewildering [bɪˈwɪldərɪŋ] adj. 使人困惑的；令人产生混乱的 v. 使迷惑（bewilder 的 ing 形式）
oeuvre [ˈɜːvrə] n. （法）全部作品；毕生之作
beset [bɪˈset] vt. 困扰；镶嵌；围绕
mortality [mɔːˈtæləti] n. 死亡人数，死亡率；必死性，终有一死；死亡
literary [ˈlɪtərəri] adj. 文学的，文学上的；书面的；爱好文学的，从事文学研究（或写作）的

# But I would add that what makes us proud is not only the generation of art, but also our ability to appreciate it, to understand what makes it moving and to comprehend what it communicates.
# 但我想补充的是，让我们自豪的不仅仅是艺术的产生，还有我们欣赏艺术的能力，理解是什么让它感动，理解它要传达什么。

quadruple [ˈkwɒdrʊp(ə)l; kwɒˈdruːp(ə)l] adj. 四倍的；四重的 vt. 使……成四倍 vi. 成为四倍 n. 四倍；四元组
artillery [ɑːˈtɪləri] n. 火炮；大炮；炮队；炮术

shell [ʃel] n. （蛋、坚果、某些种子和某些动物的）壳；（物理）壳层；【炮弹，炸弹】；<美>子弹，弹药筒；轻型赛艇；

# This was the first of many narrow tasks at which computers have excelled.
# 这是计算机擅长的许多狭义任务中的第一个。

# Today's computers - programmed with state-of-the-art AI algorithms - have conquered many other narrow tasks, but general intelligence still eludes them.
# 今天用最先进的人工智能算法编程的计算机，已经征服了许多其他狭义任务，但通用/广义智能仍然无法实现。
elude [ɪˈluːd] vt. （尤指机智地，巧妙地）避开，逃避，躲避 vt. 使无法得到；使无法达到 vt. 使不记得；使不理解

# come to pass 实现；发生

# They are proven to be profoundly elusive.
# 事实证明，它们非常难以捉摸。
profoundly [prəˈfaʊndli] adv. 深刻地；深深地；极度地
elusive [ɪˈluːsɪv] adj. 难懂的；易忘的；逃避的；难捉摸的

instinct [ˈɪnstɪŋkt] n. 本能，天性；直觉；天分，天赋 adj. 充满（某种品质，尤指好品质）的
formative [ˈfɔːmətɪv] adj. 形成的；造型的；格式化的 n. 构词要素
akin [əˈkɪn] adj. 相似的，类似的；有血缘关系的
deduction [dɪˈdʌkʃn] n. 演绎，推论；扣除，扣除额
constrain [kənˈstreɪn] v. 限制，约束；强迫，迫使
boredom [ˈbɔːdəm] n. 厌倦；令人厌烦的事物
encompass [ɪnˈkʌmpəs] vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成
foible [ˈfɔɪbl] n. 弱点；小缺点；癖好
savant [ˈsævənt; səˈvɑːnt] n. 学者；专家
deceptively [dɪˈseptɪvli] adv. 看似；不像看上去那么；比实际更显得
addle [ˈædl] vt. 使腐坏；使混乱 vi. 变质；变混乱 adj. 腐坏的；糊涂的，昏乱的
replete [rɪˈpliːt] adj. 充满的；装满的
slothful [ˈsləʊθfl] adj. 怠惰的，懒惰的；迟钝的
malevolent [məˈlevələnt] adj. 恶毒的；有恶意的；坏心肠的
enslave [ɪnˈsleɪv] vt. 束缚；征服；使某人成为奴隶
legitimate [lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət] adj. 正当的，合理的；合法的，依法的；合法婚姻所生的；（君主）有合法王位继承权的；（与音乐喜剧、滑稽剧相对）正剧的 v. <美>使合法化，使正当化

dismay [dɪsˈmeɪ] n. 担忧，失望，沮丧 v. 使担忧，使失望，使沮丧
sublime [səˈblaɪm] adj. 庄严的；令人崇敬的；极端的；超群的
revere [rɪˈvɪə(r)] vt. 敬畏；尊敬；崇敬
trivialize [ˈtrɪviəlaɪz] vt. 使平凡；使琐碎
likewise [ˈlaɪkwaɪz] adv. 同样地，类似地；（表示感觉相同）我也是，我有同感；也，还
disturb [dɪˈstɜːb] v. 打扰，妨碍；使焦虑，使烦恼；移动，弄乱 vi. 打扰；妨碍
empathize [ˈempəθaɪz] v. 有同感，起共鸣

decidedly [dɪˈsaɪdɪdli] adv. 果断地；断然地；明显；毫无疑问
premature [ˈpremətʃə(r)] adj. 过早的，提早的；早产的；草率的，仓促的 n. 早产儿；过早发生的事物

# Above all, the take-home message from this book is that we humans tend to overestimate AI advances and underestimate the complexity of our own Intelligence.
# 首先，这本书传达的信息是，我们人类倾向于高估人工智能的进步，而低估了我们自身智能的复杂性。

# come to light 暴露；真相大白；众所周知

anthropomorphize [ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːfaɪz] vt. 赋与人性，人格化
impute [ɪmˈpjuːt] vt. 归罪于，归咎于；嫁祸于
stupidity [stjuːˈpɪdəti] n. 愚蠢，糊涂；愚蠢的行为，糊涂事
spectacularly [spekˈtækjələli] adv. 壮观地；引人注目地
memorably [ˈmemərəbli] adv. 难忘地；明确地；显著地
unethical [ʌnˈeθɪkl] adj. 不道德的；缺乏职业道德的

# It's scary, but on the other hand I'm heartened by the wide attention this topic has recently received in the AI community and beyond. 
# 这很可怕，但另一方面，这个话题最近在AI社区和其他领域受到了广泛关注，这让我感到振奋。
hearten [ˈhɑːtn] vt. 激励；鼓励；使振作 vi. 振作

# There's a sense of cooperation and common purpose that is emerging among researchers, corporations, and politicians on the urgency of reckoning with these issues.
# 在解决这些问题的紧迫性上，研究人员、企业和政界人士之间正在形成一种合作意识和共同目标。
reckon [ˈrekən] v. 估计，估算，计算；<非正式>认为，以为；把……看作，被看作是；<英，非正式>期望，指望 vi. 估计；计算；猜想，料想
# reckon with 处理；对付；和……算帐；预料到


# Artificial Intelligence is at least as hard as any of humanity's other grand scientific challenges.
# 人工智能至少和人类面临的其他重大科学挑战一样困难。
humanity [hjuːˈmænəti] n. 人类（总称）；人性，人的属性；人道，仁慈；（历史、哲学、文学等）人文学科

aspiration [ˌæspəˈreɪʃn] n. 渴望；抱负；送气；吸气；吸引术

# Indeed, the idea that intelligence is a nature phenomenon, one that could be studied like many other phenomenon by building simplified computer models, was the motivation that drew many people (including me) into the field.
# 事实上，智能是一种自然现象，可以像其他许多现象一样通过建立简化的计算机模型进行研究，这一想法正是吸引许多人(包括我)进入该领域的动机。


burgeon [ˈbɜːdʒən] vi. 萌芽, 发芽；迅速增长 n. 芽, 嫩枝

# Human Intelligence is a marvellous, subtle and poorly understood phenomenon. There is no danger of duplicating it anytime soon.
# 人类智能是一种不可思议、微妙而又鲜为人知的现象。短期内没有复制的危险。


sage [seɪdʒ] n. 圣人；贤人；哲人；鼠尾草 adj. 明智的；贤明的；审慎的
deftly [ˈdeftli] adv. 熟练地；灵巧地；敏捷地

cuisine [kwɪˈziːn] n. 烹饪，风味；饭菜，菜肴
	</pre>
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<div class=box>
	<h2>[20221121]baby boom 的原因与影响</h2>
	<pre> 
<span class=light>http://ielts.dawneve.cc/reading/dawnReader.html?text=2022/11/21</span>
# 2022.11.21 (14：02-->15:16) 75min;
king salmon [kɪŋ ˈsæmən] 大鳞大麻哈鱼；鲑鱼王
gobble [ˈɡɒb(ə)l] v. 狼吞虎咽，大口吞食；吞并，攫取；（很快地）大量消耗；
correspondent [ˌkɒrəˈspɒndənt] n. 记者，通讯员；通信者，写信人

# Is the baby boom generation reaping more than they sowed?
# 婴儿潮一代收获比播种多吗?

# The sudden surge of infants that set the stage for population to grow at a rapid clip for years to come became known as the Baby Boom.
# 婴儿数量的突然激增为未来几年的人口快速增长奠定了基础，这被称为“婴儿潮”。
infant [ˈɪnfənt] n. 婴儿，幼儿；
# set the stage for 为……作好准备；为……打好基础
clip [klɪp] n. 夹子，别针；（电影、电视节目等的）片段；弹夹，弹匣；猛击，抽打；修剪；<非正式>（行动）速度（尤指快速）；一次
# at a rapid clip 迅速地


# The baby boom generation comprises nearly 20% of the American public.
# 婴儿潮一代占美国公众的近20%。
comprise [kəmˈpraɪz] v. 包括，包含；构成，组成


# Between 1946 and 1964, an estimated 77 million babies were born in the United States alone and the economy saw a large increase in demand for consumer goods, which boosted the post-war economy.
# 1946年至1964年间，仅在美国就有大约7700万婴儿出生，对消费品的需求大幅增加，推动了战后经济的发展。
# in demand for 对…的需求


# Many citizens fear a looming economic threat associated with the retirement of this large generation.
# 许多市民担心这一大代人的退休会带来迫在眉睫的经济威胁。
looming [ˈluːmɪŋ] adj. （不希望或不愉快的事情）迫近的，逼近的


purport [pəˈpɔːt] vt. 声称；意图；意指；打算 n. 意义，主旨；意图
fertility [fəˈtɪləti] n. 肥沃，富饶；可繁殖性，生育能力；（思想的）丰富，多产
bust [bʌst] n. 半身像；女子胸部，胸围；突击搜查；没价值的事物；经济萧条时期


# there are three main arguments to the theory that the baby boom occurred due to the increased fertility resulting from the end of the Great Depression and World War II.
# 对于“婴儿潮”的产生是由于大萧条和二战结束后生育率的提高”这一理论，主要有三个争论点。


# These women would have yet to have been born during the Great Depression and between the ages of 5 and 9 at the conclusion of World War II.
# 这些女性还没有出生在大萧条时期，也没有出生在第二次世界大战结束时的5到9岁之间。
# at the conclusion of 在……终了时，当……完结时


# technological progress caused the baby boom.
# 技术进步导致了生育高峰。

# real wages rose at least tenfold due to technological advance.
# 由于技术进步，实际工资增长了至少10倍。



# The introduction of electricity and the improvement of other household products such as kitchen gadgets and frozen foods drastically lessened the need for hard work in the raising of a child.
# 电力的引入和其他家庭产品的改进，如厨房用具和冷冻食品，大大减少了抚养孩子的辛苦劳动。
gadget [ˈɡædʒɪt] n. 小器具，小玩意儿


# The theory of technological advance is an alternate theory to the widely accepted view that the Great Depression and World War II increased fertility.
# 技术进步理论是对大萧条和第二次世界大战提高生育率这一广为接受的观点的一种替代理论。


# Conversely, I believe there is no reason to suggest that the theory of the Great Depression and World War II ending and the theory of technological advance must be mutually exclusive. 
# 相反，我认为没有理由认为大萧条和第二次世界大战结束的理论和技术进步的理论一定是相互排斥的。
conversely [ˈkɒnvɜːsli] adv. 相反地，反过来说
mutually exclusive 互相排斥的


# The argument could be made that the baby boom might have started earlier if The Great Depression didn’t transpire, as people would have had more financial stability in expanding their family size.
# 也有人认为，如果没有发生大萧条，生育高峰可能会提前到来，因为扩大家庭规模会使经济更加稳定。
transpire [trænˈspaɪə(r)] vi. 【发生】；蒸发；泄露 vt. 使蒸发；使排出


# There is additional evidence that exists in affirmation of the technological advance theory as large technological improvements can be seen in the household sector starting in the 1930s and 1940s.
# 在肯定技术进步理论方面还有其他证据，因为从1930年代和1940年代开始，在家庭部门可以看到巨大的技术进步。
affirmation [ˌæfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 肯定，维护；情感上的支持（或鼓励）
# in affirmation of 在肯定

causation [kɔːˈzeɪʃn] n. 原因；因果关系；出现


# However, when considering the advent of technological advance in correlation to the culmination of these depressing events, a more reasonable theory is fashioned.
# 然而，当考虑到技术进步的出现与这些令人沮丧的事件的高潮相关时，一个更合理的理论就形成了。
advent [ˈædvent] n. 出现，到来，问世；
# in correlation to 与…相关
culmination [ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃn]  n. 终点，高潮；<旧>（天体的）达于中天
depressing [dɪˈpresɪŋ] adj. 令人沮丧的，令人忧愁的；造成萧条的
fashion [ˈfæʃ(ə)n] n. 时髦打扮，流行装扮；时尚，时兴；（做事的）方式；时装领域，时尚界 v. （尤指用手工）制作，【使成形】；塑造


theoretical [ˌθɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] adj. 理论的；理论上存在的，假设的


# Based on Poterba's findings, we can conclude that the fear of declining stock prices with the retirement of the baby boom generation is not completely justified.
# 根据波特巴的发现，我们可以得出这样的结论:“婴儿潮一代的退休会导致股价下跌”的担忧并不完全正确。
justified [ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd] adj. 有正当理由的，有合理解释的


demographic [ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk] adj. 人口的，人口统计的 n. （具有某种特征的）群体；人口统计数据
privatize [ˈpraɪvətaɪz] v. 使私有化，使私营化


# She does this by enhancing a real-business-cycle model with coinciding generations and a portfolio assessment over uncertain capital and secure bonds.
# 她通过增强同时代的真实的商业周期模型，并在不确定的资本和安全债券上进行投资组合评估来做到这一点。
portfolio [pɔːtˈfəʊliəʊ] n. 公文包，画夹；（成册展示的）作品集，照片集；（个人或机构的）投资组合；（部长或大臣的）职责，职务；（公司或机构提供的）系列产品，成套物品
# coinciding generations 同时代


断句:
She does this by 
	[enhancing] 
		(a real-business-cycle model) with coinciding generations and 
		(a portfolio assessment) over uncertain capital and secure bonds.
#


# These effects combined compensate for the possible consequences of poor asset returns in retirement.
# 这些效应综合起来弥补了退休后资产回报不佳的可能后果。
# compensate for 赔偿，补偿
compensate [ˈkɒmpenseɪt] v. 赔偿，偿付；弥补，补偿；抵消；酬报（某人）


# While some are concerned over the demand for assets, the more common apprehension is that the baby boomers will bankrupt Social Security and Medicare.
# 虽然有些人担心资产需求，但更普遍的担忧是，婴儿潮一代将使社会保障和医疗保险破产。
apprehension [ˌæprɪˈhenʃn] n. 忧虑，恐惧；逮捕，拘押；理解，领悟
bankrupt [ˈbæŋkrʌpt] adj. 破产的，倒闭的；沦丧的，无价值的 v. 使破产，使极其贫困

accrue [əˈkruː] v. （利益、好处等）产生，形成；（钱不断地）积累，增加；准备累算偿付

# Young Americans are unemployed at historically elevated levels.
# 美国年轻人的失业率达到了历史最高水平。
unemployed [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd] adj. 未被雇用的，失业的；（物）闲置的，未用的
elevated [ˈelɪveɪtɪd] adj. 高出地面的，比（他物）高的；高尚的，睿智的；职位（或社会地位）高的；偏高的，高于正常的；欢欣的


# Global competition is stronger than ever, but American establishments have not adjusted to prepare new workers for its challenges.
# 全球竞争比以往任何时候都要激烈，但美国企业并没有做出调整，让新员工做好应对挑战的准备。
establishment [ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt] n. 建立，设立；权势集团，现存体制；【企业】，公共机构，家庭；结婚；英国国教，苏格兰长老会

wither [ˈwɪðə(r)] v. （使）枯萎，（使）干枯；衰弱，逐渐消失；使感到愚蠢，使感到羞愧；（人的四肢、皮肤等）变枯槁，萎缩
irresponsible [ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l] adj. 不负责任的，不可靠的


# The Pew Research Center reports that middle-class families today are 5 percent less wealthy than their parents were at the same point in their lives, after correcting for inflation, even though families today are far more likely to include two wage recipients.
# 皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)的报告称，扣除通胀因素后，如今的中产阶级家庭比他们父母在同一时期的富裕程度低5%，尽管如今的家庭更有可能有两个领工资的人。
# Families today are far more likely to include two wage recipients.
# 今天的家庭更有可能有两个领工资的人。
wage [weɪdʒ] n. 工资，报酬；（经济）工资总额；（喻）报应 v. 进行，发动（战争，运动）
recipient [rɪˈsɪpiənt] n. <正式>接受者，领受者；接收器，容器 adj. 接受的，容纳的


# When Social Security commenced in 1935, life expectancy at age 65 was 12.5 years.
# 1935年社会保障制度开始实施时，65岁时的预期寿命是12.5岁。
commence [kəˈmens] v. 开始，着手


# By 2030, life expectancy is projected to be 21.7 for women and 19.5 years for men.
# 到2030年，预计女性的预期寿命为21.7岁，男性为19.5岁。
project [ˈprɒdʒekt] n. 项目，计划；（学校的）课题，研究项目 v. 【预计，推算】；计划，规划；伸出，突出；投掷


# Nonetheless, these gains in life expectancy are not distributed equally throughout the population, with less-advantaged groups commonly seeing smaller increases in life expectancy.
# 然而，这些预期寿命的增长在人口中分布并不平均，弱势群体的预期寿命增长通常较小。


beneficiary [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri] n. 受益者，受惠人；遗嘱受益人；封臣 adj. 拥有封地的，受圣俸的

# The demand increase for Medicare not only becomes a problem due to the increase in life expectancy, but also due to the growing rates of chronic diseases.
# 对医疗保险的需求增加不仅是因为预期寿命的增加，还因为慢性疾病发病率的增加。
chronic [ˈkrɒnɪk] adj. （疾病）慢性的，长期的；（问题）一直有的，反复出现的；难以根除的，积习难改的；<英，非正式>糟透的，拙劣的

obesity [əʊˈbiːsəti] n. 过度肥胖，肥胖症


# This amplified demand due to population growth and disease growth will need to be met, causing further economic strain.
# 这种由于人口增长和疾病增长而扩大的需求需要得到满足，从而造成进一步的经济压力。
strain [streɪn] n. 焦虑，紧张；负担，紧张；张力，压力；损伤，扭伤；品种，类型；气质，个性特点；旋律，曲调；口吻，语气；（物理）应变，胁变；血缘；困难，负担


# Even the boomers seem to recognize that the future may not be as bright for future generations.
# 就连婴儿潮一代似乎也意识到，未来的几代人可能不会那么光明。
	</pre>
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